Ausência da atividade anti-helmíntica de plantas em frangos de corte naturalmente infectados com Heterakis gallinarum (Schranck, 1788) Madsen,1949 / Absence of the anthelminthic activity of plants in cut chickens naturally infected with Heterakis gallinarum (Schranck, 1788) Madsen,1949

Estudou-se a atividade anti-helmíntica das plantas; Allium sativum, Punica granatum, Tynnanthus fasciculatus e Cocos nucifera. Foram utilizados 70 frangos infectados naturalmente com Heterakis gallinarum, divididos em grupos de dez animais, com um controle positivo (20) e um negativo (10). Administraram-se as plantas na forma de extrato aquoso e suco por gavage e trituradas incorporadas à ração nas doses de 2, 3 e 10g kg-1 dia-1, durante três dias consecutivos. Os resultados foram avaliados através de teste não. O A. sativum, P. granatum, T. fasciculatus e C. nucifera eliminaram: 6,70; 4,12; 1,25 e 0,22 por cento , respectivamente. Os percentuais de eliminação do A. sativum e do T. fasciculatus, corresponderam respectivamente a 1/4 e 1/6 do controle positivo, sendo o C. nucifera e o P. granatum semelhantes ao controle negativo. Desta forma, as plantas nas doses empregadas não apresentaram atividade significativa (P<0,05) sobre o helminto H. gallinarum .

Activity of Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii N.E.B. (Euphorbiaceae) latex against Lymnaea columella (Say, 1817) (Pulmonata: Lymnaeidae), intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica, Linnaeus, 1758 (Trematoda: Fasciolidae). 2: limited field-testing

The molluscicidal evaluation of Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii (Crown of thorns) against Lymnaea columella snails, intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica, in irrigation ditches of the Pisciculture Station at Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, was studied under limited field conditions. An aqueous solution of the latex at 5 mg/l was tested in two irrigation ditches (experimental and control ditches), after initial sampling of the snail population present. Twenty-four hours after application of the product, it was verified that 97.4 percent of free L. columella snails and 100 percent of snails of the same species captive in cages and used as sentinels at three points equidistant from the application site in the experimental ditch, died. For Biomphalaria tenagophila and Melanoides tuberculata snails, present in the experimental ditch, the mortality was 100 percent, for the species Pomacea spp. the mortality was 40 percent. No mortality was verified in the free mollusks, or in the sentinels in the ditch used as control. E. splendens var. hislopii latex is thus an efficient natural molluscicide, which may be used as an alternative control agent against L. columella.

Molluscicidal action of the latex of Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii N.E.B. ("Christ's Crown") (Euphorbiaceae) against Lymnaea columella (Say, 1817) (Pulmonata: Lymnaeidae), intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus, 1758 (Trematode: Fasciolidae): 1- test in laboratory

The latex action of Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii (Christ's Crown) against snails Lymnaea columella, intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica, derived from irrigation ditches of the Station of Pisciculture at Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, was studied in the laboratory. Lab bioassays, using aqueous solutions of the latex, varying between 0.1 and 10 mg/l, have proven molluscicidal activity of the product collected on the same day the tests were performed, during the four seasons of the year, finding the following lethal concentrations (LC90): 1.51 mg/l in the spring; 0.55 mg/l in the summer; 0.74 mg/l in the fall and 0.93 mg/l in winter, after 24 h exposure of the snails, showing significant differences among the seasons of the year (ANOVA test, F = 11.01, G.L.= 3/33, p < 0.05), as well as among the concentrations (ANOVA test, F = 27.38, G.L.= 11/33, p < 0.05). In the summer, mortality reached 100 percent from concentration at 0.6 mg/l, the same during fall and in winter as of 1 mg/l, while in spring it only reached 100 percent mortality as of 2 mg/l. Mortality in the controls was low, reaching 5 percent in the summer and winter and 10 percent in the fall and spring. None of the samples died. During the assay, with an aqueous solution of the latex at a concentration of 5 mg/l, in order to check the time of duration of the product effect, in the laboratory, it was observed that the molluscicidal activity remained stable up to the 15th day after the beginning of the test with 100 percent mortality of L. columella, gradually losing its effect until the 23rd day, when we no longer observed animal mortality. In the control group, there was a random daily variation in mortality rate ranging 0-50 percent after 48 h of observation for 30 days

Açäo anti-helmíntica de plantas / Anthelmintic action of the plants

Foi avaliada a atividade anti-helmíntica de 9 espécies de plantas pelo método crítico controlado em camundongos albinos naturalmente infectados por oxiurídeos (Syphacia olvelatapiculuris tetraptera). Extratos brutos das plantas a 5% em água foram aplicados na dose de 2 g/Kg durante 3 dias consecutivos, com o seguinte resultado em termos de reduçäo do número de vermes: cipó-cravo, 57,2%; fruta-de-conde, 43,4%; alho, 20,3%; romä, 19,7%; camomila, 17,1%; picäo, 12,9%; losna, 12,7%; abóbora (semente), 12,3% e hortelä, 10,6%